THE SOWER LABORATORY
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      • Dr. Belen Tizon, Research Scientist
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publications

Peer Reviewed Publications

2018

Sower, SA. 2018. Landmark Discoveries in Elucidating the Origins of the Hypothalamic-pituitary System from the Perspective of a Basal Vertebrate, Sea Lamprey. Gen. Comp. Endocrinology. 264, 3-15. PDF 

Profiles in Comparative Endocrinology: Stacia A. Sower. Editorial. 2018. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 264, 1-2. PDF

Krist N. Hausken, Belen Tizon, Michal Shpilman, Shannon Barton, Wayne Decatur, David Plachetzki, Scott Kavanaugh, Sabah Ul-Hasan, Berta Levavi-Sivan, Stacia A. Sower. 2018. Cloning and Characterization of a Second Lamprey Pituitary Glycoprotein Hormone, Thyrostimulin (GpA2/GpB5). General and Comparative Endocrinology. 264, 16-27. PDF

Krist N. Hausken, Timothy J. Marquis, Stacia A. Sower. 2018. Expression of Two Glycoprotein Hormone Receptors in Larval, Parasitic Phase, and Adult Sea Lampreys. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 264, 39-47. PDF

Emily R. Van Gulick, Timothy J. Marquis, Stacia A. Sower. 2018. Co-localization of Three Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Transcripts in Larval, Parasitic , and Adult Sea Lamprey Brains. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 264, 84-93. PDF

Emily May Lent, Kimberly J. Babbitt and Stacia A. Sower. 2018. Gonadal histology and reproductive steroidogenesis in Lithobates pippins exposed to atrazine. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. 100,5-7. 

2017


Marquis TJ, M Nozaki, W Fagerberg, and SA Sower. 2017. Comprehensive Histological and Immunological Studies Reveal a Novel Glycoprotein Hormone and Thyrostimulin Expressing Proto-Glycotrope in the Sea Lamprey Pituitary. Cell Tissue Res. 367, 311-388. Highlighted in: Biomedical Advances, Editors' Picks, August 2017. PDF

Sower SA and Hausken KN. 2017. A lamprey view on the origins of neuroendocrine regulation of the thyroid axis. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 459, 21-27. PDF

Marquis TJ, M Nozaki, W Fagerberg, and SA Sower. 2017. Comprehensive Histological and Immunological Studies Reveal a Novel Glycoprotein Hormone and Thyrostimulin Expressing Proto-Glycotrope in the Sea Lamprey Pituitary. Cell Tissue Res. 367, 311-388. ​PDF

2016

Nozaki M and SA Sower. 2016. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Endocrine System in the  Hagfish. Chapt 9, pg 227-256 In: Hagfish Biology, Editors Susan L. Edwards and Greg G. Goss, CRC Press. PDF

Clemens BJ, CB Schreck, SA Sower and SJ van de Wetering. 2016. Some potential selection factors against successful spawning by “stream maturing” Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus (Gairdner, 1836). Chapt. 12. In: Jawless Fishes of the World. Vol 1. Editors Alexei Orlov and Richard J.Beamish. Cambridge Scholars. PDF

​Platchetzki DC, Tsai PS, Kavanaugh SI, and Sower SA. 2016. Ancient origins of metazoan gonadotropin releasing hormone and their receptors revealed by phylogenomic analyses: functional and nomenclature implications. Gen Comp Endocrine. PDF

2015

Sower SA., 2015. Breaking dogma on the hypothalamic-pituitary anatomical relations in vertebrates. Endocrinology. 156, 3882-3884. PDF

Sower SA, Decatur WA, Hausken KN, Marquis TJ, Barton SL, Gargan J, Freamat M, Wilmot M, Hollander L, Hall JA, Nozaki M, Shpilman M, Levavi-Sivan B., 2015. Emergence of an ancestral glycoprotein hormone in the pituitary of the sea lamprey, a basal vertebrate. Endocrinology. 156, 3026-3037. PDF

Morin SJ, Decatur WA, Breton TS, Marquis TJ, Hayes MK, Berlinsky DL, Sower SA., 2015. Identification and expression of GnRH2 and GnRH3 in the black sea bass (Centropristis striata), a hermaphroditic teleost. Fish Physiol Biochem. 2, 383-395. PDF

Breton TS, DiMaggio MA, Sower SA, Berlinsky DL., 2015. Brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh2 and gnrh3) expression during reproductive development and sex change in black sea bass (Centropristis striata). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 181, 45-53. PDF
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Sower SA. 2015. Chapter 7, The Reproductive Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis in Lampreys. In: Docker MF, Editor. Lampreys: Biology, Conservation and Control. Netherlands: Springer. p. 305-373. PDF

2013

Freamat M, Sower SA., 2013. Integrative Neuro-Endocrine Pathways in the Control of Reproduction in Lamprey: A Brief Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 4 (151) 1-10. Review. PDF

Decatur W.A., Hall J.A., Smith J.J., Li W., Sower S.A., 2013. Insight from the Lamprey Genome: Glimpsing Early Vertebrate Development via Neuroendocrine-Associated genes and Shared Synteny of Gonadotropin-Releasing hormone (GnRH). Gen Comp Endocrinol. 192, 237-245. PDF

Ellens E.R., Kittilson J.D., Hall J.A., Sower S.A., Sheridan M.A., 2013. Evolutionary origin and divergence of the growth hormone receptor family: Insight from studies on sea lamprey. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 192, 222-236. PDF

Clemens, B.J., S. van de Wetering, S.A. Sower and C.B. Schreck. 2013. Maturation characteristics and life-history strategies of the Pacific lamprey,Entosphenus tridentatus. Can J. Zool. 91, 775-788. PDF

Hall J.A., Decatur W.A., Daukss D.M., Hayes M.K., Marquis T.J., Morin S.J., Kelleher T.F., Sower S.A., 2013. Expression of three GnRH receptors in specific tissues in male and female sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus at three distinct life stages. Front Neurosci. 7 (88) 1-9. ​PDF

Smith, J.J., Kuraku, S., Holt, C., Sauka-Spengler, T., Jiang, N., Campbell, M.S., Yandell, M.D., Manousaki, T., Meyer, A., Bloom, O.E., Morgan, J.R., Buxbaum,J.D., Sachidanandam, R., Sims, C., Garruss, A.s., Cook, M., Krumlauf, R., Wiedemann, L.M., Sower, S.A., Decatur, W.A., Hall, J.A., Amemiya, C.T., Saha, N.R., Buckley, K.M., Rast, J.P., Das, S., Hirano, M., McCurley, N., Guo, P., Rohner, N., Tabin, C.J., Piccinelli, P., Elgar, G., Ruffier, M., Aken, B.L., Searle, S.M.J., Muffato, M., Pignatelli, M., Herrero, J., Jones, M., Brown, C.T., Chung-Davidson, Y., Nanlohy, K.G., Libants, S.V., Yeh, C., McCauley, D.W., Langeland, J.A., Pancer, Z., Fritzsch, B., de Jong, P.J., Zhu, B., Fulton, L.L., Theising, B., Flicek, P., Bronner, M.E., Warren, W.C., Clifton, S.W., Wilson, R.K., Li, W., 2013. Sequencing of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) genome provides insights into vertebrate evolution. 45, 415–421. ​PDF
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Uchida, K., Moriyama, S., Sower, S. A. and Nozaki, M., 2013. Glycoprotein hormone in the pituitary of hagfish and its evolutionary implications. Fish Physiol Biochem. 39 (1):75-83. ​PDF

2012

Sower S.A., Decatur W.A., Joseph N.T., Freamat M., 2012. Evolution of vertebrate GnRH receptors from the perspective of a Basal vertebrate. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 3 (140) 1-7. ​PDF

Daukss, D., Gazda, K., Kosugi, T., Osugi, T., Tsutsui, K. and Sower, S. A., 2012. Effects of lamprey PQRFamide peptides on brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone concentrations and pituitary gonadotropin-beta mRNA expression. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 177, 215-9. ​PDF

Joseph, N. T., Aquilina-Beck, A., Macdonald, C., Decatur, W. A., Hall, J. A., Kavanaugh, S. I. and Sower, S. A., 2012. Molecular Cloning and Pharmacological Characterization of Two Novel GnRH Receptors in the Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Endocrinology. 153, 3345-56. ​PDF

Osugi, T., Daukss, D., Gazda, K., Ubuka, T., Kosugi, T., Nozaki, M., Sower, S. A. and Tsutsui, K., 2012. Evolutionary origin of the structure and function of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone: insights from lampreys. Endocrinology. 153, 2362-74. ​PDF

Trudeau, V. L., Martyniuk, C. J., Zhao, E., Hu, H., Volkoff, H., Decatur, W. A. and Basak, A., 2012. Is secretoneurin a new hormone? Gen Comp Endocrinol. 175, 10-8. ​PDF

Wong, M. K., Sower, S. A. and Takei, Y., 2012. The presence of teleost-type angiotensin components in lamprey buccal gland suggests a role in endocrine mimicry. Biochimie. 94, 637-48. ​PDF
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Clemens B.J., Sower, S.A., van de Wetering, S., et al., 2012. Incidence of male intersex in adult Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus), with a brief discussion of intersex vs. hermaphroditism in lampreys (Petromyzontiformes). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 90 (9), 1201-1206. ​PDF

2011

Kim, D. K., Cho, E. B., Moon, M. J., Park, S., Hwang, J. I., Kah, O., Sower, S. A., Vaudry, H. and Seong, J. Y., 2011. Revisiting the evolution of gonadotropin-releasing hormones and their receptors in vertebrates: secrets hidden in genomes. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 170, 68-78. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Balz, E., Aquilina-Beck, A. and Kavanaugh, S. I., 2011. Seasonal changes of brain GnRH-I, -II, and -III during the final reproductive period in adult male and female sea lamprey. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 170, 276-82. PDF
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Sower, S. A. and Baron, M. P., 2011. The interrelationship of estrogen receptor and GnRH in a Basal vertebrate, the sea lamprey. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2, 58. ​PDF

2010

Clemens, B. J., Binder, T., Docker, M., Moser, M. L. and Sower, S. A., 2010. Similarities, Differences, and Unknowns in Biology and Management of Three Parasitic Lampreys of North America. Fisheries. 35, 580-596. ​PDF

Freamat, M. and Sower, S. A., 2010. Functional divergence of glycoprotein hormone receptors. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 50, 110-123. ​PDF

Holland, L. Z. and Sower, S. A., 2010. "Insights of Early Chordate Genomics: Endocrinology and Development in Amphioxus, Tunicates and Lamprey’s": Introduction to the symposium. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 50, 17-21. ​PDF

Kosugi, T. and Sower, S. A., 2010. A role of Histidine151 in the lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-1 (lGnRHR-1): Functional insight of diverse amino acid residues in the position of Tyr of the DRY motif in GnRHR from an ancestral type II receptor. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 166, 498-503. ​PDF

Mesa, M. G., Bayer, J. M., Bryan, M. B. and Sower, S. A., 2010. Annual sex steroid and other physiological profiles of Pacific lampreys (Entosphenus tridentatus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 155, 56-63. ​PDF

Patino, R., Barton, B., Maule, A., Mesa, M., Redding, J., Rodnick, K., and Sower, S.A. 2010. Profiles in Comparative Endocrinology: Carl B. Schreck. Howard Bern Lecturer, Annual Meeting of Society of Integrative and Comparative Endocrinology, Seattle, WA.

Sower, S. A. and Kawauchi, H., 2010, Reproduction in Agnathan Fishes: Lampreys and Hagfishes. In: Norris, D. O. and Lopez, K. H., (Eds.), In Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates. Academic Press.
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Uchida, K., Moriyama, S., Chiba, H., Shimotani, T., Honda, K., Miki, M., Takahashi, A., Sower, S. A. and Nozaki, M., 2010. Evolutionary origin of a functional gonadotropin in the pituitary of the most primitive vertebrate, hagfish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107 (36), 15832-7. ​PDF

2009

Denver, R. J., Hopkins, P. M., McCormick, S. D., Propper, C. R., Riddiford, L., Sower, S. A. and Wingfield, J. C., 2009. Comparative endocrinology in the 21st century. Integr Comp Biol. 49, 339-348. ​PDF
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Kawauchi, H., Sower, S. A. and Moriyama, H., 2009, The neuroendocrine regulation of prolactin and somatolactin in secretion in fish. In: Bernier, N., Van Der Kraak, G., Farrell, A., Brauner, C, (Ed.). ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Freamat, M. and Kavanaugh, S., 2009, Insight from Lamprey Genomics: Brain and Pituitary Reproductive Hormones of Lampreys. In: Brown, L., Chase, S., Mesa, M., Beamish, R. and Moyle, P., (Eds.), Transactions of the American Fisheries Society -Biology, management, and conservation of lampreys in North America. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 72, Bethesda, Maryland, pp. 57-70. ​PDF
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Sower, S. A., Freamat, M. and Kavanaugh, S. I., 2009. The origins of the vertebrate hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) endocrine systems: new insights from lampreys. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 161, 20-9. ​PDF

2008

Freamat, M. and Sower, S. A., 2008. A sea lamprey glycoprotein hormone receptor similar with gnathostome thyrotropin hormone receptor. J Mol Endocrinol. 41, 219-28. ​PDF

Freamat, M. and Sower, S. A., 2008. Glycoprotein hormone receptors in the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. Zoolog Sci. 25, 1037-44. ​PDF

Kavanaugh, S. I., Nozaki, M. and Sower, S. A., 2008. Origins of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in vertebrates: identification of a novel GnRH in a basal vertebrate, the sea lamprey. Endocrinology. 149, 3860-9. ​PDF

LaFiandra, E. M., Babbitt, K. J. and Sower, S. A., 2008. Effects of atrazine on anuran development are altered by the presence of a nonlethal predator. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 71, 505-11. PubMed

Ngernsoungnern, A., Ngernsoungnern, P., Kavanaugh, S., Sower, S. A., Sobhon, P. and Sretarugsa, P., 2008. The identification and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like peptides in the central nervous system and ovary of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Invert Neurosci. 8, 49-57. ​PDF

Ngernsoungnern, P., Ngernsoungnern, A., Kavanaugh, S., Sobhon, P., Sower, S. A. and Sretarugsa, P., 2008. The presence and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-liked factor in the central nervous system of the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 155, 613-22. ​PDF
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Nozaki, M., Ominato, K., Shimotani, T., Kawauchi, H., Youson, J. H. and Sower, S. A., 2008. Identity and distribution of immunoreactive adenohypophysial cells in the pituitary during the life cycle of sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 155, 403-12. ​PDF

2007

Moriyama, S., Kasahara, M., Amiya, N., Takahashi, A., Amano, M., Sower, S. A., Yamamori, K. and Kawauchi, H., 2007. RFamide peptides inhibit the expression of melanotropin and growth hormone genes in the pituitary of an Agnathan, the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Endocrinology. 148, 3740-9. PDF

2006

Freamat, M., Kawauchi, H., Nozaki, M. and Sower, S. A., 2006. Identification and cloning of a glycoprotein hormone receptor from sea lamprey,Petromyzon marinus. J Mol Endocrinol. 37, 135-46. ​PDF

Kawauchi, H. and Sower, S. A., 2006. Mini review: The dawn and evolution of hormones in the adenohypophysis. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 148, 3-14. ​PDF

Moriyama, S., Oda, M., Takahashi, A., Sower, S. A. and Kawauchi, H., 2006. Genomic structure of the sea lamprey growth hormone-encoding gene. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 148, 33-40. ​PDF

Osugi, T., Ukena, K., Sower, S. A., Kawauchi, H. and Tsutsui, K., 2006. Evolutionary origin and divergence of PQRFamide peptides and LPXRFamide peptides in the RFamide peptide family. Insights from novel lamprey RFamide peptides. FEBS J. 273, 1731-43. ​PDF

Powell, M. L., Kavanaugh, S. and Sower, S. A., 2006. Identification of a functional corpus luteum in the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 148, 95-101. ​PDF

Silver, M. R. and Sower, S. A., 2006. Functional characterization and kinetic studies of an ancestral lamprey GnRH-III selective type II GnRH receptor from the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. J Mol Endocrinol. 36, 601-10. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Moriyama, S., Kasahara, M., Takahashi, A., Nozaki, M., Uchida, K., Dahlstrom, J. M. and Kawauchi, H., 2006. Identification of sea lamprey GTHbeta-like cDNA and its evolutionary implications. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 148, 22-32. ​PDF

Takahashi, A., Nakata, O., Kasahara, M., Sower, S. A. and Kawauchi, H., 2006. Structures for the proopiomelanocortin family genes proopiocortin and propiomelanotropin in the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 144, 174-181. ​PDF

Takahashi, A., Nakata, O., Moriyama, S., Nozaki, M., Joss, J. M., Sower, S. A. and Kawauchi, H., 2006. Occurrence of two functionally distinct proopiomelanocortin genes in all modern lampreys. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 148, 72-8. PDF

Takahashi, A., Yasuda, A., Sower, S. A. and Kawauchi, H., 2006. Posttranslational processing of proopiomelanocortin family molecules in sea lamprey based on mass spectrometric and chemical analyses. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 148, 79-84. ​PDF
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Youson, J. H., Heinig, J. A., Khanam, S. F., Sower, S. A., Kawauchi, H. and Keeley, F. W., 2006. Patterns of proopiomelanotropin and proopiocortin gene expression and of immunohistochemistry for gonadotropin-releasing hormones (lGnRH-I and III) during the life cycle of a nonparasitic lamprey: relationship to this adult life history type. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 148, 54-71. ​PDF

2005

Kavanaugh, S. I., Powell, M. L. and Sower, S. A., 2005. Seasonal changes of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the Atlantic hagfish Myxine glutinosa. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 140, 136-43. ​PDF

Kavanaugh, S. I., Root, A. R. and Sower, S. A., 2005. Distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and by in situ hybridization in the tunicate Ciona intestinalis. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 141, 76-83. ​PDF

Nozaki, M., Oshima, Y., Miki, M., Shimotani, T., Kawauchi, H. and Sower, S. A., 2005. Distribution of immunoreactive adenohypophysial cell types in the pituitaries of the Atlantic and the Pacific hagfish, Myxine glutinosa and Eptatretus burgeri. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 143, 142-50. ​PDF

Powell, M. L., Kavanaugh, S. I. and Sower, S. A., 2005. Current knowledge of hagfish reproduction: implications for fisheries management. Integr Comp Biol. 45, 158-65. ​PDF

Root, A. R., Nucci, N. V., Sanford, J. D., Rubin, B. S., Trudeau, V. L. and Sower, S. A., 2005. In situ characterization of gonadotropin- releasing hormone-I, -III, and glutamic acid decarboxylase expression in the brain of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Brain Behav Evol. 65, 60-70. ​PDF

Silver, M. R., Nucci, N. V., Root, A. R., Reed, K. L. and Sower, S. A., 2005. Cloning and characterization of a functional type II gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor with a lengthy carboxy-terminal tail from an ancestral vertebrate, the sea lamprey. Endocrinology. 146, 3351-61. ​PDF

Takahashi, A., Nakata, O., Kasahara, M., Sower, S. A. and Kawauchi, H., 2005. Structures for the proopiomelanocortin family genes proopiocortin and proopiomelanotropin in the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 144, 174-81. ​PDF
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Takahashi, A., Nakata, O., Kosugi, T., Kako, K., Sakai, T., Ito, M., Takamatsu, N., Shiba, T., Sower, S. A. and Kawauchi, H., 2005. Promoter activity of sea lamprey proopiocortin and proopiomelanotropin genes in AtT-20/D16v cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 144, 182-7. ​PDF

2004

Bentley, G. E., Moore, I. T., Sower, S. A. and Wingfield, J. C., 2004. Evidence for a novel gonadotropin-releasing hormone in hypothalamic and forebrain areas in songbirds. Brain Behav Evol. 63, 34-46. ​PDF

Nozaki, M., Oshima, Y., Shimotani, T., and Sower, S. A. 2004. Immunohistochemical detection of gonadotropin-like material in the hagfish pituitary, correlated with their gonadal conditions. PDF

Powell, M. L., Kavanaugh, S. I. and Sower, S. A., 2004. Seasonal concentrations of reproductive steroids in the gonads of the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa. J Exp Zool A Comp Exp Biol. 301, 352-60. ​PDF

Root, A. R., Sanford, J. D., Kavanaugh, S. I. and Sower, S. A., 2004. In vitro and in vivo effects of GABA, muscimol, and bicuculline on lamprey GnRH concentration in the brain of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 138, 493-501. ​PDF

Silver, M. R., Kawauchi, H., Nozaki, M. and Sower, S. A., 2004. Cloning and analysis of the lamprey GnRH-III cDNA from eight species of lamprey representing the three families of Petromyzoniformes. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 139, 85-94. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Nucci, N. V. and Silver, M. R., 2004. Family of Gonadotropin- Releasing Hormone. Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases. 3043. ​PDF
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Young, B. A., Bryan, M. B. and Sower, S. A., 2004. The effect of chemosterilization on sex steroid production in male sea lampreys. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 133, 1270-1276.

Young, B. A., Bryan, M. B., Sower, S. A., Scott, A. P. and Li, W., 2004. 15alpha-hydroxytestosterone induction by GnRH I and GnRH III in Atlantic and Great Lakes sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.). Gen Comp Endocrinol. 136, 276-81. ​PDF

2003

Docker, M. F., Sower, S. A., Youson, J. H. and Beamish, F. W. H., 2003. Future sea lamprey control through regulation of metamorphosis and reproduction: A report from the SLIS II New Science and Control workgroup. Journal of Great Lakes Research. 29, 801-807. Science Direct

Gorbman, A. and Sower, S. A., 2003. Evolution of the role of GnRH in animal (Metazoan) biology. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 134, 207-13. ​PDF

Nozaki, M., Oshima, Y., Shimotani, T. and Sower, S. A., 2003. Immunohistochemical detection of gonadotropin-like material in the pituitary of brown hagfish (Paramyxine atami) correlated with their gonadal functions and effect of estrogen treatment. Fish Physiol Biochem. 28, 85-87. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., 2003. The Endocrinology of Reproduction in Lampreys and Applications for Male Lamprey Sterilization. J. Great Lakes Res. 29, 50-65. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Powell, M. L. and Kavanaugh, S. I., "Myziniformes". In: Michael Hutchins, D. A. T., Paul V. Loiselle, and Neil Schlager, (Ed.), Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition. Gale Group, Farmington Hills, MI, 2003, pp. 77-82. ​PDF

Sower, S. A. and Silver, M. R., 2003. "Petromysoniformes". Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition. 1, 83-90. ​PDF
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Takahashi, A., Amemiya, Y., Nozaki, M., Sower, S. A. and Kawauchi, H., 2003. Molecular evolution of proopiomelanocortin in fish. IN: Aquatic Genomics-Steps Toward a Great Future. 217-224. ​PDF

2002

Flynn, K. M., Miller, S. A., Sower, S. A. and Schreibman, M. P., 2002. Sexually dimorphic effects of NMDA receptor antagonism on brain-pituitary-gonad axis development in the platyfish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 131, 9-18. ​PDF

Grove-Strawser, D., Sower, S. A., Ronsheim, P. M., Connolly, J. B., Bourn, C. G. and Rubin, B. S., 2002. Guinea pig GnRH: localization and physiological activity reveal that it, not mammalian GnRH, is the major neuroendocrine form in guinea pigs. Endocrinology. 143, 1602-12. ​PDF

Hiney, J. K., Sower, S. A., Yu, W. H., McCann, S. M. and Dees, W. L., 2002. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the preoptic-hypothalamic region of the rat contain lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone III, mammalian luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, or both peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 99, 2386-91. ​PDF

Kawauchi, H., Suzuki, K., Yamazaki, T., Moriyama, S., Nozaki, M., Yamaguchi, K., Takahashi, A., Youson, J. and Sower, S. A., 2002. Identification of growth hormone in the sea lamprey, an extant representative of a group of the most ancient vertebrates. Endocrinology. 143, 4916-21. ​PDF

Moriyama, S., Ito, T., Takahashi, A., Amano, M., Sower, S. A., Hirano, T., Yamamori, K. and Kawauchi, H., 2002. A homolog of mammalian PRL-releasing peptide (fish arginyl-phenylalanyl-amide peptide) is a major hypothalamic peptide of PRL release in teleost fish. Endocrinology. 143, 2071-9. ​PDF
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Reed, K. L., MacIntyre, J. K., Tobet, S. A., Trudeau, V. L., MacEachern, L., Rubin, B. S. and Sower, S. A., 2002. The spatial relationship of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in larval and adult sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Brain Behav Evol. 60, 1-12. ​PDF

2001

Bird, D. J., Potter, I. C., Sower, S. A. and Baker, B. I., 2001. The distribution of melanin-concentrating hormone in the lamprey brain. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 121, 232-41. ​PDF

Fort, D. J., Rogers, R. L., Paul, R. R., Miller, M. F., Clark, P., Stover, E. L., Yoshioko, J., Quimby, F., Sower, S. A., Reed, K. L., Babbitt, K. J. and Rolland, R., 2001. Effects of pond water, sediment and sediment extract samples from New Hampshire, USA on early Xenopus development and metamorphosis: comparison to native species. J Appl Toxicol. 21, 199-209.​ PDF

McCann, S. M., Karanth, S., Mastronardi, C. A., Dees, W. L., Childs, G., Miller, B., Sower, S. and Yu, W. H., 2001. Control of gonadotropin secretion by follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, and leptin. Arch Med Res. 32, 476-85. ​PDF

Nozaki, M., Ominato, K., Takahashi, A., Kawauchi, H. and Sower, S. A., 2001. Adenohypophysial cell types in the lamprey pituitary: current state of the art. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 129, 303-9. ​PDF

Sower, S. A. and Kawauchi, H., 2001. Update: brain and pituitary hormones of lampreys. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 129, 291-302. ​PDF

Takahashi, A., Amemiya, Y., Nozaki, M., Sower, S. A. and Kawauchi, H., 2001. Evolutionary significance of proopiomelanocortin in agnatha and chondrichthyes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 129, 283-9. ​PDF

Youson, J. H. and Sower, S. A., 2001. Theory on the evolutionary history of lamprey metamorphosis: role of reproductive and thyroid axes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 129, 337-45. ​PDF

2000

Berghman, L. R., D'Hondt, E., Puebla, N., Dees, L., Hiney, J., Sower, S. A. and Vandesande, F., 2000. Immunocytochemical evidence for the existence of a lamprey luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone type III-like peptide in the chicken hypothalamus. British Poultry Science. 41, S56-S57. ​PDF

Forlano, P. M., Maruska, K. P., Sower, S. A., King, J. A. and Tricas, T. C., 2000. Differential distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive neurons in the stingray brain: functional and evolutionary considerations. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 118, 226-48. ​PDF

Gazourian, L., Evans, E. L., Hanson, L., Chase, C. and Sower, S. A., 2000. The effects of lamprey GnRH-I, -III and analogs on steroidogenesis in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Aquaculture. 188, 147-165. ​PDF

Nozaki, M., Ominato, K., Gorbman, A. and Sower, S. A., 2000. The distribution of lamprey GnRH-III in brains of adult sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus). Gen Comp Endocrinol. 118, 57-67. ​PDF

Robinson, T. C., Tobet, S. A., Chase, C., Waldron, T. and Sower, S. A., 2000. Gonadotropin-releasing hormones in the brain and pituitary of the teleost, the white sucker. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 117, 381-94. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., McGregor, A. J., Materne, O. L., Chase, C., Potter, I. and Joss, J., 2000. Evidence for lamprey GnRH-I and -III-like molecules in the brains of the southern hemisphere lampreys Geotria australis and Mordacia mordax. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 120, 168-75. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Reed, K. L. and Babbitt, K. J., 2000. Limb malformations and abnormal sex hormone concentrations in frogs. Environ Health Perspect. 108, 1085-90. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Suzuki, K. and Reed, K. L., 2000. Perspective: research activity of enteropancreatic and brain/central nervous system hormones across invertebrates and vertebrates. Amer Zool. 40, 165-178. ​PDF

Suzuki, K., Gamble, R. L. and Sower, S. A., 2000. Multiple transcripts encoding lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I precursors. J Mol Endocrinol. 24, 365-76. ​PDF

Yu, W. H., Karanth, S., Sower, S. A., Parlow, A. F. and McCann, S. M., 2000. The similarity of FSH-releasing factor to lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone III (l-GnRH-III). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 224, 87-92. ​PDF

1999

Dees, W. L., Hiney, J. K., Sower, S. A., Yu, W. H. and McCann, S. M., 1999. Localization of lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the rat brain. Peptides. 12, 1503-1511. ​PDF

Nozaki, M., Ominato, K., Takahashi, A., Kawauchi, H. and Sower, S. A., 1999. Possible gonadotropin cells in the lamprey pituitary: colocalization of mammalian LH-like immunoreactivity and glycoconjugate in adult sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus). Gen Comp Endocrinol. 113, 23-31. PDF

Ominato, k., Nozaki, M., Takahashi, A., Kawachi, H. and Sower, S. A. 1999. A lectin cytochemical study in the sea lamprey pituitary. Recent Prog. Mol. Comp. Endocrinol., Proc. Int. Symp. Asia Oceania Soc. Comp. Endocrinol. 3:353-357.

Slater, C. H., Schreck, C. B. and Sower, S. A., 1999. Rapid clearance of D-Ala6-Pro9NEt mammalian GnRH (GnRHa) from chinook salmon plasma. North American Journal of Aquaculture. 61, 315-318. ​PDF

Sower, S.A. and Gorbman, A. 1999. Agnatha. Encyclopedia of Reproduction (Volume 1). Academic Press. PDF

1998

Sower, S. A., 1998. Mini-Review: Brain and pituitary hormones of lampreys, recent findings and their evolutionary significance. Amer. Zool. 38, 15-38. ​PDF

1997

Gamble, R. L., Suzuki, K., Heinig, J. A., Youson, J. H., Keeley, F. W. and Sower, S. A., 1997. Isolation of cDNA encoding the precursor to lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I from the brain of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. XIII Int'l Congress of Comp Endocrinol. 1, 735-738. ​PDF

Gazourian, L., Deragon, K. L., Chase, C. F., Pati, D., Habibi, H. R. and Sower, S. A., 1997. Characteristics of GnRH binding in the gonads and effects of lamprey GnRH-I and -III on reproduction in the adult sea lamprey. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 108, 327-39. PDF

MacIntyre, J. K., Chase, C., Tobet, S. A. and Sower, S. A., 1997. The interrelationship of PMY, GABA, and GnRH in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. XIII International Congress of Comp Endocrinol. 1, 721-724. ​PDF

Materne, O. L., Gazourian, L., Chase, C., Pati, D., Habibi, H. R. and Sower, S. A. 1997. Characterization of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone binding sites in the pituitary and gonads of the sexually maturing adult lamprey. XIII International Congress of Comp. Endocrinol. Yokohama, Japan. 1:743-746

Sower, S. A., Evolution of GnRH in Fish of Ancient Origins. In: Sakuma, I. S. P. a. Y., (Ed.), GnRH Neurons: Gene to Behavior. Brian Shuppan Publishers, Tokya, 1997, pp. 486. ​PDF

Tobet, S. A., Sower, S. A. and Schwarting, G. A., 1997. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone containing neurons and olfactory fibers during development: from lamprey to mammals. Brain Res Bull. 44, 479-86. ​PDF

Yu, W. H., Karanth, S., Walczewska, A., Sower, S. A. and McCann, S. M., 1997. A hypothalamic follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing decapeptide in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 94, 9499-503. ​PDF

1996

Conlon, J. M. and Sower, S. A., 1996. Isolation of a peptide structurally related to mammalian corticostatins from the lamprey Petromyzon marinus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 114, 133-137. ​PDF

Tobet, S. A., Chickering, T. W. and Sower, S. A., 1996. Relationship of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to the olfactory system in developing lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). J Comp Neurol. 376, 97-111. ​PDF

1995

Heinig, J. A., Keeley, F. W., Robson, P., Sower, S. A. and Youson, J. H., 1995. The appearance of proopiomelanocortin early in vertebrate evolution: cloning and sequencing of POMC from a Lamprey pituitary cDNA library. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 99, 137-144. ​PDF

Nozaki, M., Takahashi, A., Amemiya, Y., Kawauchi, H. and Sower, S. A., 1995. Distribution of lamprey adrenocorticotropin and melanotropins in the pituitary of the adult sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 98, 147-56. ​PDF

Sower, S. A. 1995. Evolution of GnRH in fish of ancient origin. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symp. Reprod. Physio. Of Fish. Goetz, F.W. and Thomas, P. Austin, Texas. 95:209-211. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Goodman, M. and Nishiuchi, Y., 1995. In vivo effects of lamprey GnRH-I and cyclized analogs: a structure-activity study. Neuropeptides. 29, 151-156. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Nozaki, M., Knox, C. J. and Gorbman, A., 1995. The occurrence and distribution of GnRH in the brain of Atlantic hagfish, an agnatha, determined by chromatography and immunocytochemistry. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 97, 300-307. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Takahashi, A., Nozaki, M., Gorbman, A., Youson, J. H., Joss, J. and Kawauchi, H., 1995. A novel glycoprotein in the olfactory and pituitary systems of larval and adult lampreys. Endocrinology. 136, 349-356. ​PDF

Takahashi, A., Amemiya, Y., Nozaki, M., Sower, S. A., Joss, J., Gorbman, A. and Kawauchi, H., 1995. Isolation and characterization of melanotropins from lamprey pituitary glands. Int J Pept Protein Res. 46, 197-204. ​PDF

Takahashi, A., Amemiya, Y., Sarashi, M., Sower, S. A. and Kawauchi, H., 1995. Melanotropin and corticotropin are encoded on two distinct genes in the lamprey, the earliest evolved extant vertebrate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 213, 490-8. PDF

Tobet, S., Nozaki, M., Youson, J. H. and Sower, S. A., 1995. Distribution of lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone-III (GnRH-III) in brains of larval lampreys (Petromyzon marinus). Cell and Tissue Research. 279, 261-270. PDF

Waugh, D., Youson, J., Mims, S. D., Sower, S. and Conlon, J. M., 1995. Urotensin II from the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis), the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), and the paddlefish (Polyodon spathula). Gen Comp Endocrinol. 99, 323-32. PDF

Youson, J. H., Docker, M. and Sower, S. A. 1995. Concentration of gonadotropin-releasing hormones in brain of larval and metamorphosing lampreys of two species with different adult life histories. Fifth International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish. Goetz, F. W. and Thomas, P. Austin, TX. 83 ​PDF

1994

Conlon, J. M., Balasubramaniam, A. and Sower, S. A., 1994. Purification of a neuropeptide Y-related peptide from the brain of the sea lamprey and its effect on steroidogenesis. Regul Pept. 50, 167-175. ​PDF

Deragon, K. L. and Sower, S. A., 1994. Effects of lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone-III on steroidogenesis and spermiation in male sea lampreys. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 95, 363-367. ​PDF

Holmes, J. A., Beamish, F. W. H., Seelye, J. G. and Youson, J. H., 1994. The long-term effects of water temperature, photoperiod, and food availability on metamorphosis of sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus. Can J Fish Aqua Sci. 51, 2045-2051. ​PDF

Knox, C. J., Boyd, S. K. and Sower, S. A., 1994. Characterization and localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in the adult female sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Endocrinology. 134, 492-498. ​PDF

Nozaki, M., Gorbman, A. and Sower, S. A., 1994. Diffusion between the neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis of lampreys, Petromyzon marinus. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 96, 385-91. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Chiang, Y. C. and Conlon, J. M., 1994. Polygenic expression of somatostatin in lamprey. Peptides. 15, 151-154. ​PDF

Waugh, D., Sower, S., Bjenning, C. and Conlon, J. M., 1994. Novel tachykinins from the brain of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, and the skate, Raja rhina. Peptides. 15, 155-61. ​PDF

Wright, G. M., McBurney, K. M., Youson, J. H. and Sower, S. A., 1994. Distribution of lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and pituitary of larval, metamorphic and adult sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Can. J. Zool. 72, 48-53. ​PDF

1993

Calvin, J. L., Slater, C. H., Bolduc, T. G., Laudano, A. P. and Sower, S. A., 1993. Multiple molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain of an elasmobranch: evidence for IR-lamprey GnRH. Peptides. 14, 725-729. ​PDF

Conlon, J. M., Collin, F., Chiang, Y. C., Sower, S. A. and Vaudry, H., 1993. Two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the brain of the frog, Rana ribibunda: purification, characterization, and distribution. Endocrinology. 132, 2117-2123. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Chiang, Y. C., Lovas, S. and Conlon, J. M., 1993. Primary structure and biological activity of a third gonadotropin-releasing hormone from lamprey brain. Endocrinology. 132, 1125-1131. ​PDF

Youson, J. H., Holmes, J. A., Guchardi, J. A., Seelye, J. G., Beaver, R., Gersmehl, J. E. and Sower, S. A., 1993. The importance of condition factor and the influence of water temperature and photoperiod in metamorphosis of sea lampreys, Petromyaon marinus. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50, 2448-2456. ​PDF

1992

Bolduc, T. G. and Sower, S. A., 1992. Changes in brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone, plasma estradiol 17- beta, and progesterone during the final reproductive cycle of the female sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. J Exp Zool. 264, 55-63. ​PDF

Hines, G. A., Watts, S. A., Sower, S. A. and Walker, C. W., 1992. Sex steroid levels in the testes, ovaries, and pyloric caeca during gametogenesis in the sea star Asterias vulgaris. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 87, 451-460. ​PDF

Lewis, K. M. and Sower, S. A., 1992. Effects of dietary testosterone on growth and sex ration in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish Phys and Biochem. 9, 513-517. ​PDF

Lewis, K. M., Swanson, P. and Sower, S. A., 1992. Changes in brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone, pituitary and plasma gonadotropins, and plasma thyroxine during smoltification in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha). Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 87, 461-470. ​PDF

Murray, M. K. and Sower, S. A., 1992. Estrogen- and progesterone-dependent secretory changes in the uterus of the sheep. Biol. Reprod. 47, 917-924. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Karlson, K. H. and Fawcett, R. S., 1992. Changes in plasma thyroxine, estradiol-17 beta, and 17 alpha,20 beta- dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one during smoltification of coho salmon. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 85, 278-285. ​PDF

1991

Sower, S. A. and Larsen, L. O., 1991. Plasma estradiol and progesterone after hypophysectomy and substitution with pituitary in female sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus). Gen Comp Endocrinol. 81, 93-96. ​PDF

Sower, S. A. and Fawcett, R.S., 1991. Changes in gill Na+, K+-ATPase, thyroxine and triiodothyronine of coho salmon held in two different rearing densities smoltification. Comp. Biochem Physiol. 99A, 85-89. ​PDF

Youson, J. H. and Sower, S. A., 1991. Concentration of brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone during metamorphosis in the lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. J Exp Zool. 259, 399-404. ​PDF

1990

Fahien, C. M. and Sower, S. A., 1990. Relationship between brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone and final reproductive period of the adult male sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 80, 427-437. ​PDF

Hines, G. A., Watts, S. A., Sower, S. A. and Walker, C. W., 1990. Sex steriod extraction from echinoderm tissues. J Liquid Chromatograp. 13, 2489-2498. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., 1990. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone in primitive fishes. Prog Clin Biol Res. 342, 73-78. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., 1990. Neuroendocrine control of reproduction in lampreys. Fish Phys Biochem. 8, 365-374. ​PDF

1989

Borghetti, J. R., Iwamoto, R. N., Hardy, R. W. and Sower, S. A., 1989. The effcets of naturally-occuring androgens in practical diets fed to normal-sired and jack-sired propengy of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Aquaculture. 77, 51-60. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., 1989. Effects of lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone and analogs on steroidogenesis and spermiation in male sea lampreys. Fish Physiol Biochem. 7, 101-107. ​PDF

Sower, S.A., 1989. Cyclostome Workshop. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. 7, 407. PDF

1988

Carolsfeld, J., Sherwood, N. M., Kreilberg, H. and Sower, S. A., 1988. Induced sexual maturation of herring using GnRh "Quick Release" chloesterol pellets. Aquaculture. 70, 169-181. ​PDF

King, J. C., Sower, S. A. and Anthony, E. P., 1988. Neuronal systems immunoreactive with antiserum to lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain of Petromyzon marinus. Cell Tiss. Res. 253, 1-8. ​PDF

Lane, T. F., Sower, S. A. and Kawauchi, H., 1988. Arginine vasotocin from the pituitary gland of the lamprey (Petromyzon marinus): isolation and amino acid sequence. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 70, 152-157. ​PDF

Stopa, E. G., Sower, S. A., Svendsen, C. N. and King, J. C., 1988. Polygenic expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in human? Peptides. 9, 419-23. ​PDF

1987

Ho, S. M., Press, D., Liang, L. C. and Sower, S., 1987. Identification of an estrogen receptor in the testis of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 67, 119-125. ​PDF

Linville, J. E., Hanson, L. H. and Sower, S. A., 1987. Endocrine events associated with spawning behavior in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Horm Behav. 21, 105-107. ​PDF

Sower, S. A. 1987. Biological action of lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone in lampreys. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Reproduction and Physiology of Fish. St. John's Newfoundland, Canada. 40-41. PDF

Sower, S. A., King, J. A., Millar, R. P., Sherwood, N. M. and Marshak, D. R., 1987. Comparative biological properties of lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone in vertebrates. Endocrinology. 120, 773-779. PubMed

1986

Sherwood, N. M., Sower, S. A., Marshak, D. R., Fraser, B. A. and Brownstein, M. J., 1986. Primary structure of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from lamprey brain. J Biol Chem. 261, 4812-4819. ​PDF

1985

Buckingham, J. C., Leach, J. H., Plisetskaya, E., Sower, S. A. and Gorbman, A., 1985. Corticotrophin-like bioactivity in the pituitary gland and brain of the pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stouti. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 57, 434-437. ​PDF

Dickoff, W. W., Sower, S. A. and Gorbman, A., Hepatic estrogen binding during vitellogenesis in Pacific hagfish, Epotatretus stouti. In: Lotts, B. and Holmes, W., (Eds.), Current Trends in Comp Endo. Hong Kong UNiversity Press, 1985, pp. 347-349. PDF

Sherwood, N. M. and Sower, S. A., 1985. A new family member for gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Neuropeptides. 6, 205-14. ​PDF

Sower, S. A. and Iwamoto, R. N., 1985. The Identification of the sex steroid testosterone, in various commercial salmon diets. Aquaculture. 49, 11-17. ​PDF

Sower, S.A. and Iwamoto, R. N., 1985. Roundtable Discussions: Induced Ovulation, Sex Control, and Environmental Manipulations. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Plisetskaya, E. and Gorbman, A., 1985. Changes in plasma steroid and thyroid hormones and insulin during final maturation and spawning of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 58, 259-269. PDF

Sower, S. A., Plisetskaya, E. and Gorbman, A., 1985. Steroid and thyroid hormone profiles following a single injection of partly purified salmon gonadotropin or GnRH analogues in male and female sea lamprey. J Exp Zool. 235, 403-408. ​PDF

1984

Plisetskaya, E., Sower, S. A., and Gorbman, A. , 1984. Profiles of Plasma Thyroid Hormones and Insulin during the Upstream Spawning Migration of the Sea Lampreys, Petromyzon marinus.​ 

Sower, S. A., Dickhoff, W., Flagg, T., Mighell, J. and Mahnken, C., 1984. Effects of Estradiol and diethylstilbesterol on sex reversal and mortality in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture. 43, 75-81. ​PDF

Sower, S. A. and Iwamoto, R. N. 1984. Acknowledgements, Prologue, and Epilogue for Aquaculture. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Iwamoto, R. N., Dickoff, W. W. and Gorbman, A., 1984. Ovulatory and steroidal responses in coho slamon and stellhead trout following administartion of salmon gondotropin and D-Ala6,des Gly10 gondotropin-releasing hormone ethylamide (GnRHa). Aquaculture. 43, 35-46. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Sullivan, C. V. and Gorbman, A., 1984. Changes in plasma estradiol and effects of triiodothyronine on plasma estradiol during smoltification of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 54, 486-492. ​PDF

1983

Martin, R. W., Myers, J., Sower, S. A., Phillips, D. and McAuly, C., 1983. Ultrasonic imaging, a potential tool for sex determination of live fish. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 3, 258-264. ​PDF

Plisetskaya, E., Sower, S. A. and Gorbman, A., 1983. The effects of insulin insufficiency on plasma thyroid hormones and some metabolic constituents in Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stouti. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 49, 315-319. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Dickoff, W. W., Gorbman, A., Rivier, J. E. and Vale, W. W., 1983. Ovulatory and steroidal responses in the lamprey following administration of salmon gonadotropin and agonistic and antagonistic analogues of GnRH. Can. J. Zool. 61, 2653-2659. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Schreck, C. B. and Evenson, M., 1983. Effects of steroids and steroid antagonists on growth, gonadal development, and RNA/DNA rations in juvenile stealhead trout. Aquaculture. 32, 243-254. ​PDF

1982

Sower, S. A. and Schreck, C. B., 1982. In vitro induction of final maturation of oocytes from coho salmon. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 111, 399-403. ​PDF

Sower, S. A. and Schreck, C. B. 1982. Sexual maturation of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, accelerated ovulation and circulating steriod and ion levels of salmon in freshwater and seawater. Proc. North Pacific Aquaculture Symp. Alaska Sea Grant Publication. Alaska, Oregon. 82:27-235.

Sower, S. A. and Schreck, C. B., 1982. Steroid and thyroid hormones during sexual maturation of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in seawater or fresh water. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 47, 42-53. ​PDF

Sower, S. A., Schreck, C. B. and Donaldson, E. M., 1982. Hormone-induced ovulation of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, held in seawater and fresh water. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 39, 627-632. ​PDF
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